Norwegian artist Edvard Munch (1863 -1944) was active for more than 60 years – from the 1880s until his death. He was a prolific artist whose range, and volume, of work is staggering. On his death, he bequeathed to the city of Oslo, 1008 painting, 4,443 drawings, and 15,391 prints in addition to etchings, lithographs, woodcuts etc. All of which makes it even more ironic that today he is known the world over for one single image – the iconic Scream.
Munch experimented in different movements – from Pointillism to Expressionism. Yet, it is in his sorrowful paintings that he reveals his soul and shares the enduring sadness he felt after the death of his mother and then his sister.
Munch being Caillebotte
Edvard Munch, Music on the Karl Johan Street (1889)
Munch being Seurat
Edvard Munch, The Seine at Saint-Cloud (1890)
Munch being Manet
Edvard Munch, Rue Lafayette (1891)
Munch being Sisley
Edvard Munch, The Seine at Saint-Cloud (1890)
Munch being Cezanne
Edvard Munch, The Scientists (1911)
Munch being Gauguin
Edvard Munch, Girl Under Apple Tree (1904)
Munch being Matisse
Edvard Munch, On the Sofa (1913)
Munch being Van Gogh
Edvard Munch, Train Smoke (1900), Train Smoke (1900), Elm Forest in Spring (1923)
And finally, Munch being Munch
Edvard Munch, Sanatorium (1902-03), Separation (1896), By The Death Bed (1896)
When I think of flowers at home in vases, the first ones that come to mind are long peach gladioli. These beautiful flowers -which come in many more colors and share a name origin with Roman gladiators – are named after the Latin word “gladius” or little sword due to their shape. The flowers were named by Roman naturalist and author of Naturalis Historia, Gaius Plinius Secundus aka Pliny the Elder (23 – 79 AD).
Claude Monet, Rounded Flower Bed (1876)
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Gladioli in a Vase (1875)
The Dutch have a saying – there’s always a Dutch saying I’m coming to realize – “de dood of de gladiolen,’” meaning “death or the gladiolus,” which basically means “all or nothing” – where the “all” is the gladiolus. The saying alludes to the Roman custom of throwing gladioli at victorious gladiators in the amphitheaters. It’s interesting that they were throwing gladiolus at the gladiators because I have also read that these flowers (from Asia and Africa) were not grown in Europe until the 18th Century – I can’t imagine how the Roman public had that many imported – and expensive- gladiolus to throw into the amphitheater.
Vincent van Gogh, Vase with Red Gladioli (1886), Piet Mondrian, Red Gladioli (1906), Vincent van Gogh, Vase with Gladioli and Asters (1886)
They are my mom’s favorite flowers and since Mother’s Day was last weekend, I decided to write about them. The flowers symbolize honor, remembrance, strength of character, never giving up, and infatuation. The Victorians used these flowers to express their feelings when they themselves could not speak of them – again that’s a lot of imported flowers especially considering how shy the Victorians were about expressing any kind of feeling. Interestingly, “gladiolus” was the 1925 Spelling Bee word that the champion spelled correctly to win the tournament.
Henri Matisse, Gladiolas (1924), Chaim Soutine, Gladioli (1919)